{"id":80,"date":"2022-03-23T20:05:40","date_gmt":"2022-03-23T20:05:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/?p=80"},"modified":"2022-04-12T17:17:42","modified_gmt":"2022-04-12T17:17:42","slug":"2-afhuga-kenningum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/?p=80","title":{"rendered":"Afhuga kenningum"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"648\" height=\"1024\" class=\"wp-image-81\" src=\"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/2-HKL-nobelstimi-648x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/2-HKL-nobelstimi-648x1024.jpg 648w, https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/2-HKL-nobelstimi-600x949.jpg 600w, https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/2-HKL-nobelstimi-190x300.jpg 190w, https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/2-HKL-nobelstimi.jpg 683w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\" \/>\r\n\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Afhuga kenningum<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201eHarmleikir voru, eins og sagt er stundum, \u00ferett\u00e1n \u00ed d\u00fas\u00edninu \u00e1 \u00feeim d\u00f6gum,\u201c sag\u00f0i Halld\u00f3r Laxness um fj\u00f3r\u00f0a \u00e1ratuginn undir \u00f3gnarstj\u00f3rn Stal\u00edns \u00ed \u00fatvarps\u00fe\u00e6tti \u00ed \u00e1rslok 1963. \u00de\u00e1tturinn var \u00ed umsj\u00f3n Gunnars G. Schram og nefndist \u00c1 bla\u00f0amannfundi. Honum til a\u00f0sto\u00f0ar voru Matth\u00edas Johannessen ritstj\u00f3ri Morgunbla\u00f0sins og sk\u00e1ld og Bjarni Gu\u00f0mundsson bla\u00f0afulltr\u00fai. Tilefni\u00f0 var \u00fatkoma <em>Sk\u00e1ldat\u00edma<\/em> en b\u00f3kin haf\u00f0i komi\u00f0 eins og \u00feruma \u00far hei\u00f0sk\u00edru lofti inn \u00ed \u00edslenskt samf\u00e9lag. Raunar sag\u00f0i Gunnar \u00ed upphafi \u00fe\u00e1ttarins a\u00f0 <em>Sk\u00e1ldat\u00edmi<\/em> hef\u00f0i \u201ehrifi\u00f0 athygli \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar svo me\u00f0 einmunum er.\u201c<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En af hverju s\u00e6tti <em>Sk\u00e1ldat\u00edmi<\/em> svona miklum t\u00ed\u00f0indum? Og marka\u00f0i \u00fatg\u00e1fa b\u00f3karinnar sl\u00edk t\u00edmam\u00f3t \u00e1 ferli Halld\u00f3rs Laxness? \u00cd <em>Sk\u00e1ldat\u00edma<\/em> ger\u00f0i Halld\u00f3r vissulega upp vi\u00f0 Stal\u00edn og sov\u00e9tkomm\u00fanismann me\u00f0 eftirminnilegum h\u00e6tti. \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 er fr\u00f3\u00f0legt a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 hvernig Stal\u00edn var\u00f0 me\u00f0 hverju \u00e1rinu meira sk\u00f3lab\u00f3kard\u00e6mi \u00feess hvernig valdi\u00f0 dregur si\u00f0fer\u00f0isafl \u00far m\u00f6nnum \u00feannig a\u00f0 ma\u00f0ur sem n\u00e1\u00f0 hefur fullkomnu alr\u00e6\u00f0isvaldi innan umhverfis s\u00edns er um lei\u00f0 or\u00f0inn algerlega si\u00f0fer\u00f0islaus\u201c, segir \u00fear. Og \u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum sta\u00f0 \u00ed b\u00f3kinni ritar Halld\u00f3r: \u201eSt\u00e6rsta axarskaft okkar vinstris\u00f3s\u00edalista f\u00f3lst \u00ed tr\u00fagirni. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00ed flestum tilfellum meiri gl\u00e6pur a\u00f0 vera au\u00f0tr\u00faa en vera lygari. Vi\u00f0 h\u00f6f\u00f0um hrifist af bylt\u00edngunni og bundum vonir okkar vi\u00f0 s\u00f3s\u00edalisma. \u2026Vi\u00f0 tr\u00fa\u00f0um ekki \u00fe\u00f3 vi\u00f0 t\u00e6kjum \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hv\u00edl\u00edkt \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lags\u00e1stand var \u00ed R\u00fasslandi undir Stal\u00edn.\u201c \u00cd fyrrnefndum \u00fe\u00e6tti hnykkti Halld\u00f3r \u00e1 \u00feessu og sag\u00f0i um stj\u00f3rnarh\u00e6tti Stal\u00edns a\u00f0 \u00fear hafi veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00e1 fer\u00f0 \u201emiskunnarlaust har\u00f0stj\u00f3rnarkerfi a\u00f0 vi\u00f0b\u00e6ttum r\u00edkiskap\u00edtalisma.\u201c<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Halld\u00f3r Laxness haf\u00f0i veri\u00f0 samfer\u00f0ama\u00f0ur Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna \u00e1ratugina \u00e1 undan og m.a. rita\u00f0 tv\u00e6r b\u00e6kur \u00e1 fj\u00f3r\u00f0a \u00e1ratugnum, <em>\u00cd austurvegi<\/em> og <em>Gerska vfint\u00fdri\u00f0<\/em>, um d\u00e1semdir samf\u00e9lagsins sem \u00fear var veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 byggja upp.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c1ri\u00f0 1963 kva\u00f0 hins vegar vi\u00f0 annan t\u00f3n og \u00ed umr\u00e6ddum \u00fe\u00e6tti var sagt a\u00f0 engu v\u00e6ri l\u00edkara en \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri ekki sami ma\u00f0ur sem hef\u00f0i skrifa\u00f0 <em>Gerska \u00e6vint\u00fdri\u00f0<\/em> og <em>Sk\u00e1ldat\u00edma<\/em>. \u00dev\u00ed svara\u00f0i Halld\u00f3r \u00e1 \u00feessa lei\u00f0: \u201eMa\u00f0ur er ekki sami ma\u00f0ur nema kannski einn dag \u00ed senn.\u201c Og b\u00e6tti vi\u00f0: \u201e\u00c9g skrifa\u00f0i <em>Gerska \u00e6vint\u00fdri\u00f0<\/em> \u00fat fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed sem \u00e9g vissi best \u00fe\u00e1 og n\u00e1tt\u00farlega \u00ed vissri von um a\u00f0 betur mundi fara \u00ed Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjunum sem \u00fe\u00f3 var\u00f0 ekki \u00e1 t\u00edmabili Stal\u00edns.\u201c S\u00ed\u00f0an vakti hann athygli \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed sem einn ritd\u00f3mari hef\u00f0i sagt a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ru \u00ed raun fyrirvarar \u00e1 flestum hlutum \u00ed <em>Gerska \u00e6vint\u00fdrinu<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ef liti\u00f0 er yfir sj\u00f6tta \u00e1ratuginn s\u00e9st gl\u00f6ggt a\u00f0 lokauppgj\u00f6r Halld\u00f3rs Laxness vi\u00f0 Stal\u00edn og Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkin, sem f\u00f3r fram \u00ed <em>Sk\u00e1ldat\u00edma<\/em>, \u00e1tti s\u00e9r langan a\u00f0draganda. \u00cd <em>Gerplu <\/em>\u00a0(1952) h\u00e6ddist Halld\u00f3r a\u00f0 hinni fornu hetjuhugsj\u00f3n \u00cdslendingasagna en bo\u00f0skapur s\u00f6gunnar beindist ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur a\u00f0 n\u00fat\u00edmanum, tr\u00fa manna \u00e1 \u00f6fluga lei\u00f0toga sem fylgt er \u00ed blindni. \u00deeir sem vildu g\u00e1tu s\u00e9\u00f0 \u00fearna deilt \u00e1 Hitler og Stal\u00edn \u2013 lei\u00f0togad\u00fdrkun \u2013 en \u00ed b\u00f3kinni birtist einnig andst\u00e6\u00f0a \u00feeirra samf\u00e9laga \u00fear sem r\u00edkja sterkir lei\u00f0togar e\u00f0a einr\u00e6\u00f0isherrar en sl\u00edkt fyrirmyndarsamf\u00e9lag finnur sk\u00e1ldi\u00f0 me\u00f0al gr\u00e6nlenskra eskim\u00f3a. Frumbyggjarnir \u00feekkja ekki anna\u00f0 en a\u00f0 allir s\u00e9u jafnir og lifi \u00ed s\u00e1tt og samlyndi og \u00feeir hafa enga lei\u00f0toga.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c1ri\u00f0 1960 sendi Halld\u00f3r Laxness fr\u00e1 s\u00e9r sk\u00e1lds\u00f6guna <em>Parad\u00edsarheimt<\/em> \u00fear sem a\u00f0alpers\u00f3nan, Steinar b\u00f3ndi, \u00f6\u00f0last hugsj\u00f3n og von um parad\u00eds \u00e1 j\u00f6r\u00f0. Hann fer a\u00f0 vitja hennar yfir h\u00e1lfan hn\u00f6ttinn en leitar \u00ed s\u00f6gulok aftur til heimahaganna: Hugsj\u00f3nin um \u00fe\u00fasund\u00e1rar\u00edki reynist t\u00e1l eitt. \u00cd lokin vir\u00f0ist ekkert hafa gerst, \u00fea\u00f0 er sem Steinar standi \u00ed s\u00f6mu sporum og \u00e1\u00f0ur en hann f\u00f3r. Sj\u00e1lfur sag\u00f0i Halld\u00f3r \u00ed grein um tilur\u00f0 <em>Parad\u00edsarheimtar<\/em> sem birt er \u00ed <em>Upphafi mann\u00fa\u00f0arstefnu<\/em>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vitur ma\u00f0ur hefur sagt, s\u00e1 sem fer burt mun aldrei koma aftur; og \u00fea\u00f0 er af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feegar hann kemur aftur er hann or\u00f0inn annar ma\u00f0ur en hann var \u00feegar hann f\u00f3r &#8230; Og milli t\u00fansins \u00fea\u00f0an sem lagt var \u00e1 sta\u00f0 og t\u00fansins \u00fe\u00e1nga\u00f0 sem komi\u00f0 er aftur liggja ekki a\u00f0eins kon\u00fangsr\u00edkin og \u00fath\u00f6fin \u00e1samt ey\u00f0im\u00f6rkum veraldarinnar, heldur einnig fyrirheitna landi\u00f0 sj\u00e1lft.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Steinar \u00f6\u00f0last tr\u00fa e\u00f0a hugsj\u00f3n sem hann glatar en \u00f6\u00f0last n\u00fdja l\u00edfss\u00fdn \u00ed lokin. Sama m\u00e1 segja um Halld\u00f3r Laxness. Sov\u00e9ts\u00f3s\u00edalisminn reyndist ekki ekki s\u00fa Parad\u00eds sem til var \u00e6tlast. Hann haf\u00f0i rita\u00f0 tv\u00e6r b\u00e6kur \u00e1 fj\u00f3r\u00f0a \u00e1ratugnum um d\u00e1semdir Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna og lei\u00f0toga \u00feeirra, Stal\u00edn, en n\u00fa var eins og hann v\u00e6ri b\u00fainn a\u00f0 f\u00e1 n\u00f3g af kenningum.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00de\u00f3tt sinnaskipti Laxness hafi komi\u00f0 \u00cdslendingum \u00ed opna skj\u00f6ldu \u00fe\u00e1 h\u00f6f\u00f0u starfsmenn bandar\u00edska sendir\u00e1\u00f0sins \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk skynja\u00f0 nokkrum \u00e1rum fyrr, e\u00f0a 12. desember 1955, a\u00f0 eitthva\u00f0 v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 breytast hj\u00e1 \u00feessum \u00e1hrifamikla manni. Carl H. Peterson sem starfa\u00f0i \u00ed bandar\u00edska sendir\u00e1\u00f0inu \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk rita\u00f0i eftirfarandi \u00ed tr\u00fana\u00f0arskjali til yfirvalda heima fyrir: \u201e[Laxness] hefur a\u00f0 undanf\u00f6rnu lagt sig fram um a\u00f0 neita \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hann s\u00e9 komm\u00fanisti, og \u00ed n\u00fdlegu \u00fatvarpserindi g\u00e6tti meiri stillingar \u00ed m\u00e1lflutningi hans en vanalega, jafnvel \u00fe\u00f3tt hann hvetti me\u00f0 almennum or\u00f0um til sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0is \u00cdslendinga.\u201c<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cd <em>Sk\u00e1ldat\u00edma<\/em> sag\u00f0i Halld\u00f3r \u00ed fyrsta skipti opinberlega fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed \u00feegar hann var\u00f0 vitni a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er leynil\u00f6gregla Stal\u00edns handt\u00f3k Veru Hertzsch \u00e1ri\u00f0 1938 \u00ed Moskvu en hann var \u00fe\u00e1 gestkomandi hj\u00e1 henni. Vera \u00e1tti d\u00f3ttur, Erlu S\u00f3lveigu, me\u00f0 Benjam\u00edn H. J. Eir\u00edkssyni. \u00c1ri\u00f0 2000 kom loks \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 Vera haf\u00f0i l\u00e1tist \u00ed fangab\u00fa\u00f0um \u00ed Kasakstan \u00e1ri\u00f0 1943 en um \u00f6rl\u00f6g d\u00f3tturinar er ekkert vita\u00f0. \u00cd fyrrnefndum \u00fe\u00e6tti, \u00c1 bla\u00f0amannafundi, spur\u00f0i Matth\u00edas Johannessen Halld\u00f3r:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201eHvernig g\u00e1tu\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e9r fari\u00f0 \u00far herbergi Veru Hertzsch til Skandinav\u00edu a\u00f0 skrifa\u00a0<em>Gerska \u00e6vint\u00fdri\u00f0<\/em>? \u00dea\u00f0 get \u00e9g ekki skili\u00f0.\u201c<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Halld\u00f3r svara\u00f0i: \u201eVera Hertzsch var \u00fe\u00fdskur komm\u00fanisti sem var r\u00fassneskur r\u00edkisborgari. \u00c9g var\u00f0\u00a0\u00e1sj\u00e1andi a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 h\u00fan var flutt burt fr\u00e1 heimili s\u00ednu og afhenti barn sitt \u00fej\u00f3nustust\u00falku\u00a0sinni til \u00feess a\u00f0 f\u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0an afgreitt til barnah\u00e6lis. \u00c1 \u00feetta hef \u00e9g alltaf liti\u00f0 \u00feannig\u00a0sem \u00e9g hafi or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1horfandi a\u00f0 slysi. \u00c9g hef i\u00f0ulega or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1horfandi a\u00f0 slysi, t.d. \u00e1\u00a0g\u00f6tum st\u00f3rborga, og \u00feetta hef \u00e9g alltaf liti\u00f0 \u00e1 sem eitt af \u00feeim. En \u00feetta voru \u00feeir t\u00edmar\u00a0\u00feegar kerfi Stal\u00edns var svo sterkt, svo sovereignt, a\u00f0 m\u00e9r er ekki kunnugt um a\u00f0\u00a0nokkurt r\u00edki hafi s\u00f3tt fanga \u00ed hendur R\u00fassa undir Stal\u00edn. \u00dea\u00f0 kom fyrir a\u00f0 \u00fatlendir\u00a0menn v\u00e6ru teknir \u00fear, komm\u00fanistar, og fluttir \u00ed fangab\u00fa\u00f0ir, m.a. einn danskur\u00a0komm\u00fanist\u00edskur \u00feingma\u00f0ur. \u00dea\u00f0 var eins \u00f3hugsandi a\u00f0 hr\u00edfa r\u00fassneskan\u00a0komm\u00fanist\u00edskan fanga \u00far h\u00f6ndum Stal\u00edns eins og a\u00f0 taka mann upp lifandi sem\u00a0eimrei\u00f0 hefur keyrt yfir. \u00dea\u00f0 eina sem st\u00f3\u00f0 \u00ed m\u00ednu valdi var a\u00f0 segja hluta\u00f0eigandi\u00a0pers\u00f3num fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed sem haf\u00f0i gerst, \u00feeim m\u00f6nnum sem m\u00e1li\u00f0 var skylt. Meira st\u00f3\u00f0 ekki\u00a0\u00ed m\u00ednu valdi a\u00f0 gera. &#8230; Harmleikir voru, eins og sagt er stundum, \u00ferett\u00e1n \u00ed d\u00fas\u00edninu \u00e1\u00a0\u00feeim d\u00f6gum.\u201c<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201eHver s\u00e1 ma\u00f0ur sem gengur me\u00f0 \u00e6skuhugsj\u00f3n s\u00edna eins og steinbarn innan \u00ed s\u00e9r alla s\u00edna hundst\u00ed\u00f0, er ekki mikils vir\u00f0i sem sk\u00e1ld; varla heldur sem manneskja,\u201c sag\u00f0i hann s\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00ed samtali vi\u00f0 Matth\u00edas Johannessen.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Afhuga kenningum \u201eHarmleikir voru, eins og sagt er stundum, \u00ferett\u00e1n \u00ed d\u00fas\u00edninu \u00e1 \u00feeim d\u00f6gum,\u201c sag\u00f0i Halld\u00f3r Laxness um fj\u00f3r\u00f0a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-greinar-pistlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=80"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":104048,"href":"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80\/revisions\/104048"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=80"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=80"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=80"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}