{"id":83,"date":"2022-03-23T20:08:29","date_gmt":"2022-03-23T20:08:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/?p=83"},"modified":"2022-04-12T17:18:26","modified_gmt":"2022-04-12T17:18:26","slug":"3-axarskoft-og-steinborn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/?p=83","title":{"rendered":"Axarsk\u00f6ft og steinb\u00f6rn"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"468\" height=\"500\" class=\"wp-image-84\" src=\"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/3-1940-Jon-Kaldal.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/3-1940-Jon-Kaldal.jpg 468w, https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/3-1940-Jon-Kaldal-281x300.jpg 281w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/>\r\n\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201e\u00deetta eru gle\u00f0ilegir endurfundir,\u201c rita\u00f0i gagnr\u00fdnandi bandar\u00edska st\u00f3rbla\u00f0sins Washington Post um Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6tt f\u00f3lk eftir Halld\u00f3r Laxness \u00feegar b\u00f3kin kom aftur \u00fat vestra eftir h\u00e1lfrar aldrar hl\u00e9 \u00e1ri\u00f0 1997. \u00cd ums\u00f6gninni sag\u00f0i einnig: \u201eSum \u00e1rin \u2013 m\u00f6rg hin s\u00ed\u00f0ari, raunar \u2013 hafa N\u00f3belsver\u00f0launin falli\u00f0 \u00ed skaut l\u00edtt \u00feekktum h\u00f6fundum sem hafa komi\u00f0 fram til \u00feess eins a\u00f0 falla \u00ed gleymsku. \u00d6\u00f0ru m\u00e1li gegnir sem betur fer um Halld\u00f3r Laxness: hann er mikill rith\u00f6fundur fr\u00e1 litlu landi.\u201c A\u00f0rir fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0lar vestra t\u00f3ku \u00ed sama streng, m.a. sag\u00f0i gagnr\u00fdnandi New York Times a\u00f0 Sj\u00e1lfs\u00e6tt f\u00f3lk v\u00e6ri me\u00f0al hundra\u00f0 mestu b\u00f3kmenntaverka s\u00f6gunnar.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00d3skarsver\u00f0launahafi skrifar handrit<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c1 li\u00f0num \u00e1rum hefur or\u00f0i\u00f0 mikil vakning \u00ed \u00fatg\u00e1fu \u00e1 verkum Halld\u00f3rs Laxness erlendis. Forleggjarar \u00ed l\u00f6ndum sem hafa haft takmarka\u00f0an \u00e1huga \u00e1 honum eru n\u00fa sem \u00f3\u00f0ast a\u00f0 koma sk\u00e1lds\u00f6gum hans \u00e1 marka\u00f0. N\u00e6gir \u00fear a\u00f0 nefna a\u00f0 Sj\u00e1lfs\u00e6tt f\u00f3lk er loksins v\u00e6ntanlegt \u00e1 fr\u00f6nsku, n\u00fd hollensk \u00fatg\u00e1fa er \u00ed b\u00edger\u00f0, einnig port\u00fag\u00f6lsk og svo m\u00e6tti lengi telja. B\u00e6kur Halld\u00f3rs Laxness hafa um \u00e1ratuga skei\u00f0 noti\u00f0 mikilla vins\u00e6lda \u00ed \u00de\u00fdskalandi. \u00c1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1rum hefur veri\u00f0 gert \u00e1tak \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 koma verkum hans \u00fear \u00fat \u00ed n\u00fdjum e\u00f0a endursko\u00f0u\u00f0um \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingum Huberts Seelow. Auk \u00feess hefur hinn enskum\u00e6landi heimur opnast verkum Halld\u00f3rs \u00e1 n\u00fdjan leik en \u00fear voru \u00feau \u00f3f\u00e1anleg um langt \u00e1rabil.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00fa er \u00ed undirb\u00faningi al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0leg st\u00f3rmynd undir forystu Snorra \u00de\u00f3rissonar bygg\u00f0 \u00e1 Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0u f\u00f3lki. Ruth Prawer Jhabvala vinnur a\u00f0 ger\u00f0 handrits eftir s\u00f6gunni en h\u00fan hefur tv\u00edvegis fengi\u00f0 \u00d3skarsver\u00f0laun fyrir kvikmyndahandrit, fyrir A Room With a View og Howards End. Leikstj\u00f3ri myndarinnar ver\u00f0ur Hector Babenco sem me\u00f0al annars hefur veri\u00f0 tilnefndur til \u00d3skarsver\u00f0launa fyrir a\u00f0 leikst\u00fdra Kiss of the Spider Woman en hann er einnig \u00feekktur fyrir a\u00f0 hafa leikst\u00fdrt myndinni Ironweed me\u00f0 Jack Nicholsson og Meryl Streep sem b\u00e6\u00f0i voru tilnefnd til \u00d3skarsver\u00f0launa fyrir \u00fe\u00e1 mynd. \u00dea\u00f0 er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 gangi allt upp var\u00f0andi kvikmyndina mun h\u00fan ver\u00f0a mikil lyftist\u00f6ng fyrir verk Halld\u00f3rs Laxness um v\u00ed\u00f0a ver\u00f6ld.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201eUppgj\u00f6r vi\u00f0 Halld\u00f3r\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c9g rifja \u00feetta\u00a0 upp h\u00e9r \u00fear sem \u00feann 23. apr\u00edl n\u00e6stkomandi ver\u00f0a eitt hundra\u00f0 \u00e1r li\u00f0in fr\u00e1 f\u00e6\u00f0ingu Halld\u00f3rs Laxness. \u00cd upphafi afm\u00e6lis\u00e1rsins hefur bori\u00f0 \u00e1 vilja einstakra manna til \u201ea\u00f0 gera upp vi\u00f0 Halld\u00f3r\u201c, \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 tilgreina af hverju sl\u00edkt uppgj\u00f6r eigi a\u00f0 fara fram e\u00f0a \u00ed hverju \u00fea\u00f0 eigi a\u00f0 felast. A\u00f0 v\u00edsu er oft tvennt nefnt til: a\u00f0 eftir s\u00e9 a\u00f0 gera upp p\u00f3lit\u00edska fort\u00ed\u00f0 Halld\u00f3rs og ekki hafi m\u00e1tt halla or\u00f0i a\u00f0 honum. Hvort tveggja er rangt. Halld\u00f3r var gr\u00ed\u00f0arlega umdeildur h\u00f6fundur fr\u00e1 fyrstu t\u00ed\u00f0 en nokkur s\u00e1tt n\u00e1\u00f0ist um hann eftir a\u00f0 hann f\u00e9kk N\u00f3belsver\u00f0launin \u00ed b\u00f3kmenntum \u00e1ri\u00f0 1955, mestu vi\u00f0urkenningu sem rith\u00f6fundi getur hlotnast \u00e1 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0avettvangi. Sumir s\u00e6ttust aldrei vi\u00f0 hann, fyrirg\u00e1fu ekki skrif hans um \u00edslenska b\u00e6ndur, p\u00f3lit\u00edk e\u00f0a anna\u00f0.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Umskipti \u00e1 sj\u00f6tta \u00e1ratugnum<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Undir lok \u00e6vinnar sat Halld\u00f3r Laxness \u00e1 fri\u00f0arst\u00f3li \u00e1 Glj\u00fafrasteini \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 menn s\u00e6ju s\u00e9rstaka \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0u til a\u00f0 \u201egera upp vi\u00f0 hann\u201c \u2013 me\u00f0an hann var sj\u00e1lfur til a\u00f0 svara fyrir sig. Enda haf\u00f0i hann sj\u00e1lfur gert upp vi\u00f0 Stal\u00edn og Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkin \u00ed Sk\u00e1ldat\u00edma sem \u00fat kom \u00e1ri\u00f0 1963 \u2013 fyrir hartn\u00e6r fj\u00f3rum \u00e1ratugum. (B\u00f3kin nefndist raunar Uppgj\u00f6r sk\u00e1lds \u00ed danskri \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu.) \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 er fr\u00f3\u00f0legt a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 hvernig Stal\u00edn var\u00f0 me\u00f0 hverju \u00e1rinu meira sk\u00f3lab\u00f3kard\u00e6mi \u00feess hvernig valdi\u00f0 dregur si\u00f0fer\u00f0isafl \u00far m\u00f6nnum \u00feannig a\u00f0 ma\u00f0ur sem n\u00e1\u00f0 hefur fullkomnu alr\u00e6\u00f0isvaldi innan umhverfis s\u00edns er um lei\u00f0 or\u00f0inn algerlega si\u00f0fer\u00f0islaus\u201c, segir \u00fear. Og \u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum sta\u00f0 \u00ed b\u00f3kinni ritar Halld\u00f3r: \u201eSt\u00e6rsta axarskaft okkar vinstris\u00f3s\u00edalista f\u00f3lst \u00ed tr\u00fagirni. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00ed flestum tilfellum meiri gl\u00e6pur a\u00f0 vera au\u00f0tr\u00faa en vera lygari. Vi\u00f0 h\u00f6f\u00f0um hrifist af bylt\u00edngunni og bundum vonir okkar vi\u00f0 s\u00f3s\u00edalisma. \u2026Vi\u00f0 tr\u00fa\u00f0um ekki \u00fe\u00f3 vi\u00f0 t\u00e6kjum \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hv\u00edl\u00edkt \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lags\u00e1stand var \u00ed R\u00fasslandi undir Stal\u00edn.\u201c \u00datg\u00e1fa Sk\u00e1ldat\u00edma vakti mikla athygli en \u00ed raun var b\u00f3kin a\u00f0eins sta\u00f0festing \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed sem m\u00e1tti lesa \u00far skrifum Halld\u00f3rs \u00e1 sj\u00f6tta \u00e1ratugnum.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Fyrirheitna landi\u00f0<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cd Gerplu (1952) h\u00e6ddist Halld\u00f3r a\u00f0 hinni fornu hetjuhugsj\u00f3n \u00cdslendingasagna en bo\u00f0skapur s\u00f6gunnar beindist ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur a\u00f0 n\u00fat\u00edmanum \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 tr\u00fa \u00e1 vald og ofbeldi hefur l\u00f6ngum veri\u00f0 helsta bjargr\u00e1\u00f0 \u00feeirra landstj\u00f3rnarmanna sem ekkert \u00f3ttast meira en \u00feegna s\u00edna. \u00deeir sem vildu g\u00e1tu s\u00e9\u00f0 \u00fearna deilt \u00e1 Hitler og Stal\u00edn \u2013 lei\u00f0togad\u00fdrkun \u2013 en \u00ed b\u00f3kinni upphefur hann einnig andst\u00e6\u00f0u \u00feeirra samf\u00e9laga \u00fear sem r\u00edkja sterkir lei\u00f0togar e\u00f0a einr\u00e6\u00f0isherrar en sl\u00edkt fyrirmyndarsamf\u00e9lag fann hann me\u00f0al in\u00fa\u00edta \u00e1 Gr\u00e6nlandi. Frumbyggjarnir \u00feekkja ekki anna\u00f0 en a\u00f0 allir s\u00e9u jafnir og lifi \u00ed s\u00e1tt og samlyndi og \u00feeir hafa enga lei\u00f0toga.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cd Parad\u00edsarheimt sem \u00fat kom \u00e1ri\u00f0 1960 sag\u00f0i fr\u00e1 manni sem f\u00f3r yfir h\u00e1lfan hn\u00f6ttinn \u00ed leit a\u00f0 fyrirheitna landinu en fann \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 lokum \u00ed t\u00faninu heima. \u00dat \u00far verkinu m\u00e1 h\u00e6glega lesa uppgj\u00f6f h\u00f6fundarins, vonbrig\u00f0i hans vegna li\u00f0sinnis vi\u00f0 volduga hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0i og brostna drauma um fyrirheitna landi\u00f0. Hann hafi kosta\u00f0 \u00f6llu til, eins og a\u00f0alpers\u00f3na Parad\u00edsarheimtar, en ekki fundi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sem hann vona\u00f0ist eftir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ef kenningin virkar &#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cd Gj\u00f6rn\u00edngab\u00f3k (1959) \u00fear sem Halld\u00f3r safna\u00f0i saman \u00fdmsum greinum s\u00ednum fr\u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ari hluta sj\u00f6tta \u00e1ratugarins g\u00e6tti hvergi heift\u00fa\u00f0ugra \u00e1r\u00e1sa \u00e1 Bandar\u00edkjamenn og Nato, eins og hann haf\u00f0i \u00e1\u00f0ur veri\u00f0 kunnur fyrir, en vonbrig\u00f0in me\u00f0 framkv\u00e6md s\u00f3s\u00edalismans fyrir austan j\u00e1rntjald ur\u00f0u \u00feeim mun meira \u00e1berandi. \u00cd b\u00f3kinni fer ekki \u00e1 milli m\u00e1la a\u00f0 hrifning Halld\u00f3rs \u00e1 Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjunum haf\u00f0i \u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edma minnka\u00f0 til mikilla muna.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Halld\u00f3r Laxness haf\u00f0i enga eina l\u00edfssko\u00f0un alla s\u00edna \u00e6vi. \u00c1 \u00feri\u00f0ja \u00e1ratugnum a\u00f0hylltist hann ka\u00fe\u00f3lsku og bo\u00f0a\u00f0i hana af miklum hita. Eftir \u00fea\u00f0 snerist hann til s\u00f3s\u00edalisma og bar\u00f0ist af engu minni krafti fyrir m\u00e1lsta\u00f0 hans. \u00cd ritger\u00f0um Gj\u00f6rn\u00edngab\u00f3kar vir\u00f0ist hann vera b\u00fainn a\u00f0 f\u00e1 sig fullsaddan af kenningum; menn m\u00e1ttu hafa s\u00edna tr\u00fa e\u00f0a hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed fri\u00f0i en sj\u00e1lfur a\u00f0hylltist hann n\u00fa umbur\u00f0arlyndi umfram allt \u2013 mann\u00fa\u00f0arstefnu \u2013 og auk \u00feess hagn\u00fdtissj\u00f3narmi\u00f0 sem segir: ef kenningin virkar er h\u00fan a\u00f0 minnsta kosti g\u00f3\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed marki.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uppgj\u00f6r Halld\u00f3rs vi\u00f0 Stal\u00edn og Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkin \u00e1tti s\u00e9r \u00feannig sta\u00f0 lungann \u00far sj\u00f6tta \u00e1ratugnum en kristalla\u00f0ist \u00ed Sk\u00e1ldat\u00edma 1963. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed rangt a\u00f0 halda \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 hann hafi ekki horfst \u00ed augu vi\u00f0 fort\u00ed\u00f0 s\u00edna. Hann reyndi ekki a\u00f0 dylja fyrri sko\u00f0anir s\u00ednar, sem hann haf\u00f0i kannski sn\u00faist gegn, og leit \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e6r sem fr\u00f3\u00f0legan part af sj\u00e1lfum s\u00e9r. \u201eHver s\u00e1 ma\u00f0ur sem gengur me\u00f0 \u00e6skuhugsj\u00f3n s\u00edna eins og steinbarn innan \u00ed s\u00e9r alla s\u00edna hundst\u00ed\u00f0, er ekki mikils vir\u00f0i sem sk\u00e1ld; varla heldur sem manneskja,\u201c sag\u00f0i hann s\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00ed samtali vi\u00f0 Matth\u00edas Johannessen.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>D\u00fdrm\u00e6tur arfur<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00dea\u00f0 kemur manni \u00f3neitanlega sp\u00e1nskt fyrir sj\u00f3nir a\u00f0 \u00feegar heimurinn er a\u00f0 uppg\u00f6tva verk Halld\u00f3rs Laxness \u00e1 n\u00fdjan leik skuli aldarafm\u00e6lis\u00e1r hans h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi fara af sta\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 menn beina sj\u00f3num s\u00ednum helst a\u00f0 \u00feeim hlutum sem hann ger\u00f0i upp af miklum heilindum og hugrekki fyrir fj\u00f3rum \u00e1ratugum. Sl\u00edkt s\u00e6tir engum t\u00ed\u00f0indum n\u00fa og er ekki efni \u00ed frj\u00f3a umr\u00e6\u00f0u \u00feegar kalda str\u00ed\u00f0inu er loki\u00f0 og \u00f6nnur spursm\u00e1l sannarlega br\u00fdnni en hitam\u00e1l \u00feess.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cd b\u00f3kum hans \u00e1 \u00edslenska \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0in d\u00fdrm\u00e6tan arf sem mun fylgja henni um \u00f3komin \u00e1r. Vi\u00f0 eigum a\u00f0 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a verkin, deila um \u00feau eins og \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0in hefur gert um \u00e1ratuga skei\u00f0, \u2013 \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 falla \u00ed skotgrafir fyrri t\u00edma sem l\u00f6ngu eru h\u00e6ttar a\u00f0 hafa \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu fyrir n\u00fat\u00ed\u00f0arf\u00f3lk.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00dea\u00f0 er von m\u00edn a\u00f0 sem flestir \u00edslenskir lesendur eigi gle\u00f0ilega endurfundi vi\u00f0 verk Halld\u00f3rs Laxness n\u00fa \u00e1 \u00feessu afm\u00e6lis\u00e1ri sem endran\u00e6r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Birt \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu 20. jan\u00faar 2002<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201e\u00deetta eru gle\u00f0ilegir endurfundir,\u201c rita\u00f0i gagnr\u00fdnandi bandar\u00edska st\u00f3rbla\u00f0sins Washington Post um Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6tt f\u00f3lk eftir Halld\u00f3r Laxness \u00feegar b\u00f3kin kom aftur [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-83","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-greinar-pistlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=83"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":104049,"href":"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83\/revisions\/104049"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=83"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=83"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skaldatimi.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=83"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}